First of all, I am not talking about Wushu, the super flashy-flippy-floppy showmanship thing. I am talking about core kung fu; the real deal.
Kung Fu(an amalgamation of styles in one, as taught by my sifu):
2) Stances, stretches, blocking sets and conditioning, fist/elbow/shoulder/body/hip/knee/shin/foot strikes, formwork and weapon practise.
There are ~10 basic stances for this system(based on the shaolin corriculum with a tiger and chen taichi flavour). Horse stance is the foremost of these stances and shall be described: Legs ~ shoulder width and a half apart, feet pointed foreward with a 20 degree angle out, knees bent until thighs are parrallel with the floor, and knees pushed away from eachother until they are directly above your feet. This stance is meant to build your leg strength.
Stretching is greatly important in all martial arts. In kung fu, we stretch so that we can kick above our heads, so that if we ever need to kick in defense, we do not need to stretch. We stretch to loosen our bodies so that we will not pull muscles if the need to defend ever arises.
There are many blocks, so I will simply cover a partner blocking set that is meant to both condition the arms and legs, but also teach the proper reaction impulses. The 7-star blocking set(in taichi you do a 3-star blocking set, so you should understand this), you begin by doing a lower bent-elbow block(gongsao), then high block(tongsao), then a lower circular block(bongsao), followed by a snake block, wrapping the arm slightly(fuksao), then grip and pull. Next, you kick shin-to-shin, then with the same leg calf to calf, then finish with a connecting outside crescent kick. Repeat on the other side.
Striking is basic among all arts, the difference being the power sources and methods. Forms are a major part of kung fu as they are basically a form of drilling techniques and combonations into your muscles memory and your mind. Several forms use the same techniques, but drill a different combonation of the technique thus giving you a sporadic, yet situationally appropriate combat method.
Weapons training, unlike popular belief, is not useless. When you learn how to use a weapon and become proficient with it, you also learn how to defend against, thus making yourself less vulnerable to weapon assaults.
That is a small summary of the basic practises.
3)
Chou Si Founder
Tsung Si Grand Master
Si Gong Master of the Master
Si Fu / Si Mu Master (male / female)
Si Bak Elder Kung-Fu Brother of the Master
Si Suk Younger Kung-Fu Brother of the Master
Gau Si Teacher
Dai Tsi Disciple
Si Hing / Si Tzi Elder Kung-Fu Brother / Sister
Si Dai / Si Mui Younger Kung-Fu Brother / Sister
4) Sorry, too tired to write all this out... Perhaps I will edit later.
and finally, number 1!
1) The described blocking set(which is just one of many) and the forms are how we learn to fight and defend ourselves, and how we function in a real combat situation. I am really not sure how to answer that question, but if you wish to clarify and ask me personally, you are free to IM/Email me(whatever is available in my profile).
Best of Luck and I hope I helped.